Cushing's disease is a metabolic disorder caused by long-term exposure to an excess of the hormone cortisol in the body ( stress hormone). This disorder is caused by an excess of adrenocorticotropic hormone released by the pituitary gland. Cushing’s disease is an uncommon variant of Cushing’s syndrome.Cushing’s triad, consisting of bradycardia, irregular respirations, and widened pulse pressures, is the body ’s response to increased intracranial pressure (ICP). It usually indicates a severe lack of oxygen in the brain tissue. The Cushing reflex and subsequent triad are the body ’s final attempts to oxygenate the brain and prevent ...Depression, Anxiety, Irritability. Depression, anxiety, and irritability are common symptoms of everyday stress. Similarly, when cortisol is constantly in production even without the presence of stress, the individual will feel much the same. One of the extra dangers of Cushing’s disease is that it may lead to psychological issues, such as ...Excess ACTH causes the adrenal glands to make too much cortisol (a naturally produced steroid) leading to a condition called hyperadrenocorticism or Cushing’s disease. The clinical signs of Cushing’s disease include increased appetite and thirst, increased urination (sometimes leading to accidents in the house), lethargy, weakness, panting ...Cushing’s disease, also called hyperadrenocorticism, is a condition caused by having too much cortisol. Cortisol is a hormone found in all mammals that’s responsible for helping the body deal with stress, control blood pressure, and metabolize sugar. When a cat, dog, or human has Cushing’s disease, the excess cortisol in their body then ...One of the first signs of Cushing syndrome, is the loss of this diurnal variation. Although it has been shown that detecting increased midnight serum cortisol level has high sensitivity for patients with Cushing syndrome, obtaining a stress-free late-night blood sample in routine outpatient clinical practice is not always feasible. The most common signs of Cushing’s disease are often increased thirst and hunger, but there are many others, including: Hair loss. Excessive panting. Lethargy. Increased appetite, thirst, and urination. Urinary tract infections. Bacterial skin infections. Hard skin on the nose and paw pads.Signs that it’s time for treatment include: High blood pressure. Excessive panting. Bladder control issues. Reluctance to exercise. Infections. When treating pituitary gland Cushing’s disease, vets usually prescribe a drug called Trilostane. This drug does not play well with other medication.Signs and Symptoms Associated with Cushing’s Syndrome/Disease: Weight gain in face ( moon face ) Weight gain above the collar bone (supraclavicular fat pad)Depression, Anxiety, Irritability. Depression, anxiety, and irritability are common symptoms of everyday stress. Similarly, when cortisol is constantly in production even without the presence of stress, the individual will feel much the same. One of the extra dangers of Cushing’s disease is that it may lead to psychological issues, such as ...Signs that it’s time for treatment include: High blood pressure. Excessive panting. Bladder control issues. Reluctance to exercise. Infections. When treating pituitary gland Cushing’s disease, vets usually prescribe a drug called Trilostane. This drug does not play well with other medication.Canine pituitary dependent hyperadrenocorticism (PDH), also known as Cushing’s disease, is a common endocrine disorder in older dogs.This disorder is caused by a pituitary adenoma (PA) that secretes inappropriate amounts of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), which results in bilateral adrenal hyperplasia and disorderly and excessive production of cortisol by the adrenal gland.Jan 22, 2018 · Signs of PPID include: Unusual hair coat. Horses with PPID will have changes in their coats, though these variations do not follow a prescribed pattern. Some horses might have delayed shedding of their winter coat, or fail to shed a winter coat entirely, while others may grow an unusually dense, patchy, wavy, or curly coat. Hoof problems. The symptoms and signs of Cushing's syndrome can include: a rounded face. weight around the torso, shoulders and neck, but thin arms and legs. a hump between the shoulders. high blood sugar or diabetes. high blood pressure. feeling tired or emotional. skin problems like slow healing of wounds, bruising and stretch marks on the tummy, hips and ...In most cases, Cushing's disease begins as subtle changes in behaviour and appearance. The most obvious sign is the lack of a topline. The hair coat may be thin or coarse, and there may be evidence of delayed shedding. Horses with Cushing's disease are usually lethargic. Their appetite and energy levels decrease.Canine pituitary dependent hyperadrenocorticism (PDH), also known as Cushing’s disease, is a common endocrine disorder in older dogs.This disorder is caused by a pituitary adenoma (PA) that secretes inappropriate amounts of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), which results in bilateral adrenal hyperplasia and disorderly and excessive production of cortisol by the adrenal gland. Cushing's syndrome is a collection of signs and symptoms due to prolonged exposure to glucocorticoids such as cortisol. Signs and symptoms may include high blood pressure, abdominal obesity but with thin arms and legs, reddish stretch marks, a round red face due to facial plethora, a fat lump between the shoulders, weak muscles, weak bones, acne, and fragile skin that heals poorly. Signs and symptoms of endogenous Cushing syndrome Alone with the general manifestations of Cushing syndrome, signs and symptoms specifically associated with the endogenous form include the following: Patients with an adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)–producing pituitary tumor - Headaches, polyuria, nocturia, visual problems, or galactorrheaAccording to Bruyette, dogs in which meal- or food-induced hyperadrenocorticism is diagnosed are young, with an early onset of clinical signs between 2 and 5 years of age. Bruyette and other clinicians have found no breed predilection, but so far he says all of the cases have been in small dogs. “These are dogs that look floridly Cushingoid ...Cushing’s syndrome is a hormonal condition that occurs when a person’s cortisol levels are too high. It can have severe and wide-ranging effects on the body. It often results from using ...Cushing disease is hyperadrenocorticism caused by an ACTH-secreting tumor of the pituitary gland. Clinical signs include polyuria, polydipsia, alopecia, and muscle weakness. A low-dose dexamethasone suppression test is the preferred diagnostic test. Treatment options include medical therapy, radiation, and surgery.The condition mostly affects middle-aged and older dogs, and the warning signs may be harder to spot in the beginning. You might notice your dog: Is thirstier than usual. Seems hungrier. Pees more ...The spectrum of Cushing syndrome. Symptoms caused by excess cortisol, including high blood pressure, obesity, and difficulty controlling blood sugar, may also be common in the general population. As a result, Cushing syndrome may be challenging to diagnose. Although Cushing syndrome may look different and have many different symptoms, one ...What are the clinical signs of Cushing’s disease? Regardless of the type, the clinical signs of Cushing’s disease are essentially the same. The most common clinical signs are an increase in appetite, increase water consumption, and urinating more. The increased appetite is a direct result of elevated levels of cortisol, which stimulate ... When the hormones in the body are out of balance, bad things start happening. “The most striking symptom in Cushing’s disease is excessive urination and concurrently drinking tremendous ...Obesity, diabetes, high blood pressure, depression, and many of the other signs on the list can all contribute to erectile dysfunction. Add that to the hormone disruption caused by Cushing’s in the first place, and it’s a recipe for erectile dysfunction. 15. Difficulty getting pregnant.Jan 14, 2020 · The signs and symptoms of Cushing syndrome can vary depending on the levels of excess cortisol. Common signs and symptoms of Cushing syndrome Weight gain and fatty tissue deposits, particularly around the midsection and upper back, in the face (moon face), and between the shoulders (buffalo hump) A swollen sheath in stallions and geldings – in summer most often the vets will tell you it is a bug bite, but it can be one of the earliest signs of Cushing’s. Edema along the midline in a mare or sometimes a swollen udder. The beginning “cresty neck” – always a giveaway that the endocrine system is off balance and needs support.Cushing’s disease, also called hyperadrenocorticism, is a condition caused by having too much cortisol. Cortisol is a hormone found in all mammals that’s responsible for helping the body deal with stress, control blood pressure, and metabolize sugar. When a cat, dog, or human has Cushing’s disease, the excess cortisol in their body then ...Canine pituitary dependent hyperadrenocorticism (PDH), also known as Cushing’s disease, is a common endocrine disorder in older dogs.This disorder is caused by a pituitary adenoma (PA) that secretes inappropriate amounts of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), which results in bilateral adrenal hyperplasia and disorderly and excessive production of cortisol by the adrenal gland.The primary symptoms of Cushing’s syndrome in children who are still growing is a dramatic slowing in vertical growth, while the child continues to gain weight. Weight gain, specifically in the mid-torso. Vertical growth slows or stops. Thin arms and legs compared to the rest of the body. Stretch marks on abdomen, arms, thighs and buttocks. Aggression, increased pursuance of food and water, exercise intolerance, lethargy, and difficulty moving around in their day-to-day environments (navigating stairs, going up onto elevated surfaces, etc.) are some of the behavior changes commonly seen in dogs afflicted by Cushing’s disease. Image: Ljiljana Jankovic / Shutterstock.Aug 10, 2017 · The most common signs seen with hyperadrenocorticism include excessive urination, excessive drinking, increased appetite, hair loss, muscle weakness, a “potbellied” appearance, panting, thin skin and lethargy. Virtually all dogs with Cushing’s disease have at least one of these signs, but it would be uncommon to have all of them. A tumor of one or both adrenal glands, resulting in excess cortisol production. Benign (adenomas): 50%. Malignant (carcinomas): 50%. Possibility of spreading to other organs (14-50% of cases) A third form results from administering cortisol as a medication, and this type is known as Iatrogenic Cushing’s syndrome. Jul 1, 2008 · Cushing’s syndrome (hyperadrenocorticism) occurs when the adrenal gland produces too much cortisol. While cortisol is an essential hormone, elevated levels lead to illness. There are several possible causes to this disease, including a tumor in the pituitary gland or the outer layer of the adrenal gland. It is then compressed at constant pressure to its original state. All the steps are quasi-static and reversible. (a) (a) Show this cycle on a P V P V diagram. For each step of the cycle, find the work done by the gas, the heat absorbed by the gas, and the change in the internal energy of the gas. Verified answer.May 20, 2022 · Symptoms of Cushing's Disease in Horses. Cushing’s disease is a progressive disorder. The symptoms may be slow to present but will ultimately progress with time. The most common signs observed in horses with Cushing’s disease/PPID include: Failure to shed winter coat fully, or patchy shedding; Long and/or curly coat; Chronic infections Jun 26, 2023 · According to Contreras, this is the order in which you may commonly notice Cushing’s symptoms in your dog: Stage 1. Signs of Cushing’s during this stage are modest. Your dog may start drinking ... Apr 24, 2022 · Cushing's syndrome is a risk of taking steroid medications for a long time. It's important to work closely with your medical team and report any side effects you may be experiencing. Cushing's syndrome can be treated by lowering the number of steroids being taken, and by treating some of the signs and symptoms. These are the most common signs and symptoms: Upper body obesity with thin arms and legs Round face Increased fat around neck or a fatty hump between the shoulders Reddened, thin, fragile skin that is slow to heal Reddish-blue stretch marks on the underarms, belly, thighs, buttocks, arms, and breasts Bone and muscle weaknessJun 7, 2023 · Common symptoms of Cushing syndrome. Weight gain in the trunk, with thin arms and legs. Weight gain in the face. This is sometimes called moon face. A fatty lump between the shoulders. This may be referred to as a buffalo hump. Pink or purple stretch marks on the stomach, hips, thighs, breasts and ... Adrenal Tumor Treatment in Cushing's Syndrome. When an animal sees the veterinarian for a potential clinical problem, an initial database is collected in the form of a blood panel and urinalysis, and possibly a urine culture. There are some tip offs to Cushing's syndrome that may be noted and added to the list of observed symptoms as evidence.Cushing reflex (also referred to as the vasopressor response, the Cushing effect, the Cushing reaction, the Cushing phenomenon, the Cushing response, or Cushing's Law) is a physiological nervous system response to increased intracranial pressure (ICP) that results in Cushing's triad of increased blood pressure, irregular breathing, and ...Overview Cushing syndrome Enlarge image Cushing syndrome happens when the body has too much of the hormone cortisol for a long time. This can result from the body making too much cortisol, or from taking medicines called glucocorticoids, which affect the body the same way as cortisol.In most cases, Cushing's disease begins as subtle changes in behaviour and appearance. The most obvious sign is the lack of a topline. The hair coat may be thin or coarse, and there may be evidence of delayed shedding. Horses with Cushing's disease are usually lethargic. Their appetite and energy levels decrease.Cushing disease is hyperadrenocorticism caused by an ACTH-secreting tumor of the pituitary gland. Clinical signs include polyuria, polydipsia, alopecia, and muscle weakness. A low-dose dexamethasone suppression test is the preferred diagnostic test. Treatment options include medical therapy, radiation, and surgery. Cushing's syndrome is a risk of taking steroid medications for a long time. It's important to work closely with your medical team and report any side effects you may be experiencing. Cushing's syndrome can be treated by lowering the number of steroids being taken, and by treating some of the signs and symptoms.Cushing's disease is a metabolic disorder caused by long-term exposure to an excess of the hormone cortisol in the body ( stress hormone). This disorder is caused by an excess of adrenocorticotropic hormone released by the pituitary gland. Cushing’s disease is an uncommon variant of Cushing’s syndrome.Jul 1, 2008 · Cushing’s syndrome (hyperadrenocorticism) occurs when the adrenal gland produces too much cortisol. While cortisol is an essential hormone, elevated levels lead to illness. There are several possible causes to this disease, including a tumor in the pituitary gland or the outer layer of the adrenal gland. Aug 31, 2023 · The most common signs of Cushing’s disease are often increased thirst and hunger, but there are many others, including: Hair loss. Excessive panting. Lethargy. Increased appetite, thirst, and urination. Urinary tract infections. Bacterial skin infections. Hard skin on the nose and paw pads. May 22, 2019 · When the hormones in the body are out of balance, bad things start happening. “The most striking symptom in Cushing’s disease is excessive urination and concurrently drinking tremendous ... Cushing’s disease, also called hyperadrenocorticism, is a condition caused by having too much cortisol. Cortisol is a hormone found in all mammals that’s responsible for helping the body deal with stress, control blood pressure, and metabolize sugar. When a cat, dog, or human has Cushing’s disease, the excess cortisol in their body then ...Cushing's disease typically occurs in middle-aged to older dogs. The disease develops slowly and the early signs are not always noticed. Symptoms in dogs include. increased thirst;A tumor of one or both adrenal glands, resulting in excess cortisol production. Benign (adenomas): 50%. Malignant (carcinomas): 50%. Possibility of spreading to other organs (14-50% of cases) A third form results from administering cortisol as a medication, and this type is known as Iatrogenic Cushing’s syndrome. Signs and Symptoms Associated with Cushing’s Syndrome/Disease: Weight gain in face ( moon face ) Weight gain above the collar bone (supraclavicular fat pad)Cushing syndrome occurs when there is an excess of cortisol, a hormone produced by the adrenal glands ( figure 1 ). Cortisol is a type of hormone called a "glucocorticoid." It has many important functions and is necessary for the body to work properly; however, too much cortisol can cause problems. Normally, the adrenal glands' production of ...Cushing’s syndrome (CS) is a rare problem caused when the adrenal gland (s) makes too much of a hormone called cortisol. CS is most often due to a tumor or mass found in the pituitary gland, but can also be caused by tumors in the adrenal glands themselves. People with Cushing's syndrome may see their face get round ("moon face"), they gain ...Jun 15, 2023 · In related research, a survey of 218 horse owners revealed that 30 percent of their horses had signs associated with Cushing’s even though only 8 percent of the cases had been diagnosed. But research has focused on far more than the incidence of Cushing’s. Cushing syndrome, also called hypercortisolism, is a set of symptoms resulting from exposure to high levels of the stress hormone cortisol. Cortisol, a hormone in the body that is typically produced in response to stress, helps regulate blood pressure and blood sugar, reduce inflammation, and metabolize food. Cortisol production and release is ... One of the first signs of Cushing syndrome, is the loss of this diurnal variation. Although it has been shown that detecting increased midnight serum cortisol level has high sensitivity for patients with Cushing syndrome, obtaining a stress-free late-night blood sample in routine outpatient clinical practice is not always feasible. In many equine Cushing’s cases, a veterinarian can make a diagnosis based on clinical signs alone. A shaggy hair coat that doesn’t shed is considered a hallmark sign of this disease, making many cases relatively easy to identify. However, if clinical signs are mild or unclear, diagnostics should be conducted.Cushing disease is hyperadrenocorticism caused by an ACTH-secreting tumor of the pituitary gland. Clinical signs include polyuria, polydipsia, alopecia, and muscle weakness. A low-dose dexamethasone suppression test is the preferred diagnostic test. Treatment options include medical therapy, radiation, and surgery.In many equine Cushing’s cases, a veterinarian can make a diagnosis based on clinical signs alone. A shaggy hair coat that doesn’t shed is considered a hallmark sign of this disease, making many cases relatively easy to identify. However, if clinical signs are mild or unclear, diagnostics should be conducted.Nov 9, 2021 · Dogs with a urine specific gravity greater than 1.025 are less likely to have Cushing’s. This is by far the most accurate, safe and effective method of diagnosing Cushing’s disease. If this test shows an elevated Cortisol-Creatinine ratio, you’ll also want to follow up with an ultrasound. I’ll talk about this next. It is then compressed at constant pressure to its original state. All the steps are quasi-static and reversible. (a) (a) Show this cycle on a P V P V diagram. For each step of the cycle, find the work done by the gas, the heat absorbed by the gas, and the change in the internal energy of the gas. Verified answer.The patient contracts his/her arms and curls them toward the chest. Pain when attempting to straighten the knee with the hips flexed. You are assessing a middle-aged unconscious man who is lying in bed. His skin is cool and clammy. His heart rate is 124 beats/min, his respiratory rate is 140 breaths/min, and his blood pressure level is 74/52 mm Hg. Cushing syndrome symptoms The most common symptoms of this condition are: weight gain fatty deposits, especially in the midsection, the face (causing a round, moon-shaped face), and between the...Cushing's syndrome is the resulting set of symptoms observed when the body is exposed to excess cortisone (or related hormones) over a long period of time. Cortisol (called hydrocortisone when used as a medication) is a hormone produced by the adrenal glands that are located atop the kidneys.Cushing’s triad, consisting of bradycardia, irregular respirations, and widened pulse pressures, is the body ’s response to increased intracranial pressure (ICP). It usually indicates a severe lack of oxygen in the brain tissue. The Cushing reflex and subsequent triad are the body ’s final attempts to oxygenate the brain and prevent ...Nov 9, 2021 · Dogs with a urine specific gravity greater than 1.025 are less likely to have Cushing’s. This is by far the most accurate, safe and effective method of diagnosing Cushing’s disease. If this test shows an elevated Cortisol-Creatinine ratio, you’ll also want to follow up with an ultrasound. I’ll talk about this next. At 2 years old my yorkie was showing signs of Cushings disease. His symptoms were: pot belly, overweight (19 lbs), always hungry, recurring skin infections and panting so I asked my vet to test him for Cushing’s disease and it came back positive. He was on Vetoryl pills for 6 months then switched to Trilostane liquid for the last 6 months.Equine Cushing’s Disease is more commonly known as Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction (PPID). It involves the overproduction of certain pituitary hormones and is the most common endocrine disease of older horses and ponies. PPID occurs in all breeds and both genders, with increasing age as the only proven risk factor.Jun 15, 2023 · In related research, a survey of 218 horse owners revealed that 30 percent of their horses had signs associated with Cushing’s even though only 8 percent of the cases had been diagnosed. But research has focused on far more than the incidence of Cushing’s. A tumor of one or both adrenal glands, resulting in excess cortisol production. Benign (adenomas): 50%. Malignant (carcinomas): 50%. Possibility of spreading to other organs (14-50% of cases) A third form results from administering cortisol as a medication, and this type is known as Iatrogenic Cushing’s syndrome. Oct 29, 2020 · Additionally, 15-20% of dogs with pituitary tumors develop neurologic signs as the tumor grows and 5-10% of Cushing’s patients will also develop diabetes. Although rare, Cushing’s patients are also at risk for fatal blood clots called pulmonary thromboembolisms . Cushing reflex (also referred to as the vasopressor response, the Cushing effect, the Cushing reaction, the Cushing phenomenon, the Cushing response, or Cushing's Law) is a physiological nervous system response to increased intracranial pressure (ICP) that results in Cushing's triad of increased blood pressure, irregular breathing, and ...Cushing syndrome, also called hypercortisolism, is a set of symptoms resulting from exposure to high levels of the stress hormone cortisol. Cortisol, a hormone in the body that is typically produced in response to stress, helps regulate blood pressure and blood sugar, reduce inflammation, and metabolize food. Cortisol production and release is ... Symptoms of Cushing's Disease in Horses. Cushing’s disease is a progressive disorder. The symptoms may be slow to present but will ultimately progress with time. The most common signs observed in horses with Cushing’s disease/PPID include: Failure to shed winter coat fully, or patchy shedding; Long and/or curly coat; Chronic infectionsAggression, increased pursuance of food and water, exercise intolerance, lethargy, and difficulty moving around in their day-to-day environments (navigating stairs, going up onto elevated surfaces, etc.) are some of the behavior changes commonly seen in dogs afflicted by Cushing’s disease. Image: Ljiljana Jankovic / Shutterstock.
Canine pituitary dependent hyperadrenocorticism (PDH), also known as Cushing’s disease, is a common endocrine disorder in older dogs.This disorder is caused by a pituitary adenoma (PA) that secretes inappropriate amounts of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), which results in bilateral adrenal hyperplasia and disorderly and excessive production of cortisol by the adrenal gland. . 1920
Cushing's disease typically occurs in middle-aged to older dogs. The disease develops slowly and the early signs are not always noticed. Symptoms in dogs include. increased thirst;Depression, Anxiety, Irritability. Depression, anxiety, and irritability are common symptoms of everyday stress. Similarly, when cortisol is constantly in production even without the presence of stress, the individual will feel much the same. One of the extra dangers of Cushing’s disease is that it may lead to psychological issues, such as ...The Cushing Triad (Cushing's Triad or Cushing’s Reflex) is characterized by: Hypertension. Bradycardia. Irregular respirations – primarily Cheyne-Stokes breathing. This often signals impending ...Oct 12, 2022 · Signs and symptoms of endogenous Cushing syndrome Alone with the general manifestations of Cushing syndrome, signs and symptoms specifically associated with the endogenous form include the following: Patients with an adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)–producing pituitary tumor - Headaches, polyuria, nocturia, visual problems, or galactorrhea Introduction. Cushing syndrome is caused by prolonged exposure to high circulating levels of cortisol. The most common cause of cushingoid features is iatrogenic corticosteroid use, while some herbal preparations can also increase circulating corticosteroid levels leading to Cushing syndrome. Cushing syndrome can be interchangeably called ...Oct 1, 1998 · The signs associated with Cushing’s syndrome are extremely varied and differ in severity . Signs that differentiate Cushing’s syndrome from pseudo-Cushingoid states most reliably include the presence of proximal myopathy, easy bruising, and thinness and fragility of the skin (36, 37). In our experience signs such as buffalo hump, obesity ... The symptoms of Cushing’s disease in dogs is what leads to the disease going undiagnosed in many cases. Since the signs can point to so many different conditions, it’s important to be aware of all the possibilities to give your pup the best chance at management. Symptoms of Cushing’s disease include: Increased thirst. Increased appetite.May 20, 2022 · Symptoms of Cushing's Disease in Horses. Cushing’s disease is a progressive disorder. The symptoms may be slow to present but will ultimately progress with time. The most common signs observed in horses with Cushing’s disease/PPID include: Failure to shed winter coat fully, or patchy shedding; Long and/or curly coat; Chronic infections A Combination of all listed Cushing’s Symptoms in Dogs: If a dog exhibits multiple major warning signs of Cushing’s, there is a very high chance that the dog has Canine Cushings Disease. Increased Cortisol Levels: The most reliable indicator of Cushing’s in dogs symptoms is increased cortisol levels. This is the most direct analysis and ...español >. Cushing syndrome (also sometimes called Cushing's syndrome) is a disorder with physical and mental changes that result from having too much cortisol in the blood for a long period of time. There are two types of Cushing syndrome: exogenous (caused by factors outside the body) and endogenous (caused by factors within the body).Symptoms of Cushing’s Disease in Dogs. Cushing’s Disease causes an excess of cortisol, the stress hormone. Too much cortisol causes changes within the skin, so it becomes paper thin with blackheads (comedones) and no fur. It also causes excessive panting, excessive thirst, and a ravenous appetite. You might notice that your dog has become a ...When the hormones in the body are out of balance, bad things start happening. “The most striking symptom in Cushing’s disease is excessive urination and concurrently drinking tremendous ...Apr 7, 2023 · The most common symptoms of this condition are: weight gain. fatty deposits, especially in the midsection, the face (causing a round, moon-shaped face), and between the shoulders and the upper back (sometimes ... purple stretch marks on the breasts, arms, abdomen, and thighs. thinning skin that ... .